Living By number free essay sample

The summary This case basically explains about the dilemma that faced by Hafiz Hashim who is the CFO of MarineCorp Sdn Bhd (MarineCorp). This company was incorporated in 1992 and was a subsidiary of SURIA. MarineCorp has two wholly subsidiaries which are Green Port Sdn Bhd (GreenPort) and Sungai Emas Port Sdn Bhd. Its main operation was the maritime solutions providers for the SURIA group of companies like provide marine consulting services to SURIA and its related contractors that included those for newly vessels for upstream and downstream oil and gas operations. There are some problems occurred which are the chairman who is president of SURIA want Hafiz to use value based management (VBM) method to evaluate performance evaluation and appraisal of the employees based on economic earnings. Nevertheless, hafiz has different opinion with the chairman. He thought that value company performance should be measured based on investment make by equity and debts holders. We will write a custom essay sample on Living By number or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It means that they need to see investment based on expected return and cost of capital incurred by company. The protagonist The protagonist or decision maker for this case is Hafiz Hashim. He is the CFO of MarineCorp and responsible to report the financial performance of MarineCorp and its two subsidiaries which are Green Port Sdn Bhd and Sungai Emas Port Sdn Bhd to the company’s board. The major issues There are two main issues faced by CFO of MarineCorp, Hafiz Hashim. First issue was when President of Suria had wanted Value Based Management (VBM) to be used for the Suria Group, its subsidiaries and associated companies. Second, Hafiz was in a dilemma whether to use economic earnings as required by the Group or profits as practiced by MarineCorp to report the financial performance of MarineCorp and its subsidiaries. The problem There are several problems that have been detected happen in the organization. First, CFO faced pressured from GM of Green Port and MarineCorp regarding accounting issues and they urge to improve company’s performance so that both of them could achieved their performance indicator. With regard to GM of Green Port, Anita Osman, she had requested to the CFO to amortize the dredging costs in order to improve the company’s profit for the best interests of the company as well as to achieve her KPI target. However, CFO argued that cost of dredging have to be charged in the financial year they were incurred. Similarly, GM of MarineCorp, Lee Chong Way, he disagreed with the recommendation proposed by CFO to pay dividends to its shareholder because the cash resources are used to generate interest income on fund investments. Besides, the company should focus on improving profit as it is the main evaluation in company’s ranking. However, it is actually his performance target that must be achieved. Second, Chairman also requested him to rank the three companies in terms of their financial performance. But, the questions arise on how it should get measured. For example, use profitability as the sole measurement, identify better performance indicator to ensure fair evaluation or determine specific action to improve performance. Despite to that, the chairman emphasized on the importance of holding onto the group value drivers to ensure survival and success. Third, the Chairman had questioned about the conflict of the registered net profit after tax for the period 2009. Through the CFO analysis, he said that company’s actually destroying its value. Thus, chairman urges him to suggest on how to improve the performance of the company because this contradiction may affect the performance evaluation of the GMs and CEO. The brief description of the case exhibits Based on the Appendix G, the company performance has been measured by Net Operating Profit after Tax (NOPAT), Average Invested Capital, Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) and Capital Charged. Green Port has showing the highest profit, followed by MarineCorp and Sungai Emas Port. Under Value Based Management (VBM), Green Port has showing a negative figure which is -14,588,232, where by Sungai Emas Port and MarineCorp are 5,030,563 and 14,274,611 respectively. This is indicated value has destroyed for Green Port and Sungai Emas Port and MarineCorp are creating value for the company.

Changes in the Middle East After the World War I

Changes in the Middle East After the World War I Introduction The modern-day Middle East is a caricature of the aftermaths of the First World War. Approximately, twenty autonomous states, which fall under the umbrella of Middle East, still nurse the wound of the historical war (world’s first war). Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Changes in the Middle East After the World War I specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These countries include Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Pakistan, Bahrain, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Israel, Qatar, Jordan, Turkey, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan Egypt and Sudan are still debatable if they belong to Asia or North Africa. During World War I, many nations especially those in the Middle East suffered political instability, social, and economic imbalance. Nevertheless, the First World War spurred the technological development in Middle East nations. After the World War I, most of the countries we re under colonialism; nevertheless, the departure of colonialists spurred civil wars, ethnic wars, boundary disputes, political uprisings, and subsequent economic decline that many of these nations fight to control. Changes in the Middle East after the commencement of World War I Power derangement was the worldwide impact of the First World War and Middle East was no exception. Furthermore, according to political analyst the genesis of the political upheavals in the modern day Middle East dates back in 1914 during the world war (Craig et al, 2009, P.20). The Ottoman Empire an influential political identity in the Middle East, which the Arabians defended, was the main target during the war. Subsequently, after the empire crumbled, the Britain controlled Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Jordan, and Palestine among other countries in the Middle East (Magnus, 2005, p.40). The involvement in the war by the countries from the Middle East not only led to loss of power but also spurred the economic d ecline and created social problems. The second change set in by the First World War was the technology development in the Middle East. Britain, Germany, and France had adopted the use of powerful machines like guns, bombs and nuclear weapons, which the people of Middle East acquired. The forces/ people from Middle East who participated in the war acquired operating and construction skills for the deadly weapons (Wilbur, 1991, p.50). Consequently, the current technological trend especially in weapons is now on the rise in the Middle East. Therefore, the war led to the acquisition of military personnel, weapons, and fighting strategies in the Middle East.Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The third change set by the First World War is the psychological torture and imbalance by the military personnel and citizens of Middle East. Deaths, insecurity, and family loss led to the victims , civilians, and military to undergo psychological trauma. Moreover, the abrupt change of power from monarchical to colonialism negatively affected the citizens of Middle East. Consequently, the occupation of Middle East by foreigners stimulated anger and frustrations among the citizens. Lastly, racism and ethnic bias started immediately as the world uprising commenced. The creation of sanctions by Britain and France, the crush of the Ottoman Empire and the occurrence of the Armenian genocide exacerbated racial conflicts and ethnicity in the Middle East (Niall, 2006, p.30). Therefore, the occurrence of the First World War was the genesis of all the social, economic, and political problems as expounded next. The rise of each Middle East country and historical overview since the end of the World War I Though not fully involved in the First World War, Afghanistan was always in constant conflicts with the Greeks, Persians, British (Anglo-afghan war) and Mongols among others. The major war that involved Russians in 1980, led to the death and displacement of many Afghanis. Since the end of World War I up to now, Afghanistan has not known peace, civil wars and terrorism have contributed to the poor economic, social, and political stability. On the contrary, Bahrain, which was a British colony (after the First World War) up to 1971, has experienced an economic boom due to availability of political stability, tourism sector and petroleum industry. Although it contains immense natural resources, Iran is a state that has experienced political instability since the end of the First World War. However, it is currently struggling to implement political, economic, and social reforms. Likewise, Iraq has experienced both civil and internally wars, but the fall of Saddam Hussein and control of political aggression by the U.S have led to transition.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Changes in the Middle East After the World War I specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Israel is a state that holds the landmarks of all the three main religions (Christianity, Muslim and Jewish) in the world. Nevertheless, ethnic clashes have led to political upheaval since the end of the first war. On the other hand, Jordan was a colony of Britain (after WWI) but gained independence in 1945, which led to the establishment of international trade and economic reforms. In the same way, Lebanon became independent but civil wars due to political instability reigned for sometime. Currently, the state is struggling to reinstate political and economic reforms. Like Lebanon, after independence from Britain Pakistan has been in conflicts with the Indians over the Kashmir region but currently the political reforms and international treaties are in place to ensure there is peace. Besides the Gulf War and colonialism that are now at bay, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar and Kyrgyzstan, are the few nations in the region, which are econo mically stable due to the presence of petroleum industry, modern infrastructures, and natural gas among others. However, Qatar is the nations with the highest income per capita in the Middle East region. Turkey is a nation formed by Anatolian remnants after the fall of the Ottoman Empire. The nation has successfully adopted reforms, which have led to economic prowess. Similarly, Saudi Arabia experiences political instability and economic growth from oil reserves since the end of the First World War. While Tajikistan and Syria after gaining independence from Soviet Union and the French respectively they have adopted economic, political, and social reforms that have led to the nation’s stability. In addition, the independence of Turkmenistan and U.A.E from Soviet Union and Britain respectively, has led to the establishment of autonomous states with economic stability. Lastly, Yemen and Uzbekistan colonies of British and Soviet Union respectively have gained independence and d ue to possession of natural resources, their economic power is on the rise. Conclusion Although most of the countries in the Middle East are lucky to posses’ natural resources like gas, petroleum and minerals, the impact of the First World War I still holds back their economic growth. Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Political instability and social problems like racism and ethnicity are some of the vices acquired during the first world, which the states struggle to control decades after the end of the war. However, a few of the states have put in place reforms to control the problems initiated by the First World War. References Craig, A. M., Graham, W. A., Kagan, D., Ozment, S., Turner, F. M. (2009). The Heritage of World Civilizations. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Magnus, B. (2005). Reclaiming a Plundered past: archaeology and nation Building in modern Iraq. USA: University of Texas Press. Niall, F. (2006). The War of the World: Twentieth-Century Conflict and the Descent of The West. New York: Penguin Press. Wilbur, C. L. (1991). Zeppelins of World War I. New York: Paragon Press

Environmental Economic, What is the theory of Coase and has it any Essay

Environmental Economic, What is the theory of Coase and has it any bearing on policies for the control of environmental pollution - Essay Example Now when the steel manufacturer makes his balance sheet he won't include these external costs into profit and loss statement for he pays nothing for that. The solution in this case may be that the government tells the company how much it can pollute air or it may impose the taxes depending upon the amount of the pollution it causes, called Pigovian taxes. This was the general theory followed before Coase came up with his theory (The Swedes Get it Right, 1). Coase approach: Coase begins by giving the example of straying cattle, which destroys the crops in the neighborhood land. In this case we get more cattle i.e. the meat at the expense of the crops. Thus we can get either the crops or the meat. The answer lies simply in deciding the value of what we obtain at the expense of value of what is sacrificed. Thus Coase gives prime importance to the value of the product (1). In this example Coase considers various options. Suppose if the value of the meat is more than the value of the crops in that case the cattle raiser may give some compensation to the farmer by mutual understanding. If the value of the crops on the other hand is more than the value of the meat in that case the farmer may build the fencing to protect its crops from the cattle and demand some compensation for doing so. In other case, if the farmer is not using some part of land he may allow the cattle bearer to use that land at some fixed costs agreed upon by both. There is also the possibility that if the cattle bearer finds that by increasing the number of the cattle he can get much more profits and he could easily pay the farmer all the cost of the crop in that case he may just compensate the farmer for completely stopping the growth of the crops. There is one more angle to these discussions. If the farmer had the initial rights to use the land for the crops, then the cattle bearer bargains with the farmer to allow the cattle rising in his vicinity. While if the cattle raiser has the initial rights to raise the cattle in his vicinity then farmer has to bargain with the cattle bearer so that his cattle create least damage to his crops (Coase, 2). In either way, what is important to come up with the solution is the value of the product that is be obtained and of the product that is sacrificed. The greatest thing is that the problem is solved by the mutual discussions and the contract is raised among the concerned parties, which benefits all. Here there is no involvement of the government, no regulations and no political or the beurauracratic proceedings. However, one of the most important things to understand is the fixing of the property rights which plays the dominant role in the success of the Coase method (Swedes Get it Right, 1). In the example considered by Coase the property rights belong to only the two persons, the cattle raiser and the farmer. Here it is quite easy for the two parties to get involved in the discussions and come out with some contract. In case of the example of steel plant if the plant owners have the initial rights to production and create pollution then the residents will bargain with the manufacturer to create the least possible pollution. In this case the residents may make some payments to them to either use some methods to stop the pollution